This course emphasizes critical listening skills by studying music production practices, listening technologies, various styles and sonic traditions from across the globe, and Western (US and European) music structures and compositional forms.  Through the course of the semester we will explore the sonic landscape from the Middle Ages (450 AD) to today.  This being the case, the class covers material diachronically (the past in relation to the present) and synchronically (the past alone), incorporating aspects of science, history, art, literature, and politics and their influence on the music of that particular culture, subculture, and specific time period. All of these objectives are rather secondary to the primary goal of understanding how sound defines intention, function, and reception of society in relation to the self.